\u30a8\u30f3\u30c8\u30ed\u30d4\u30fc\u7684\u306a\u529b\u3092\u542b\u3080\u529b\u306e\u5f0f\u306e\u5c0e\u51fa<\/h2>\n
\u30a8\u30f3\u30c8\u30ed\u30d4\u30fc\u7684\u306a\u529b\u306e\u4ee3\u8868\u3068\u3044\u3048\u3070\u3001\u30b4\u30e0\u306e\u5f35\u529b\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
\u3053\u3053\u3067\u3082\u3001\u30b4\u30e0\u3092\u5f15\u5f35\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3092\u30a4\u30e1\u30fc\u30b8\u3057\u306a\u304c\u3089\u3001\u529b\u306e\u5f0f\u3092\u5c0e\u51fa\u3057\u3066\u307f\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u4fdd\u5b58\u5247\u3060\u3051\u3092\u4f7f\u3063\u3066\u5c0e\u304f\u306e\u3067\u3001\u901a\u5e38\u306e\u529b\u3082\u30a8\u30f3\u30c8\u30ed\u30d4\u30fc\u7684\u306a\u529b\u3082\u542b\u3080\u3088\u3046\u306a\u5f0f\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4ed5\u4e8b\u306b\u3088\u308b\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u5897\u52a0\uff08\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u4fdd\u5b58\u5247\uff09<\/h3>\n
${\\small x}$\u65b9\u5411\u306b${\\small f}$\u306e\u529b\u3067\u30b4\u30e0\u3092\u5f15\u3063\u5f35\u3066\u3044\u308b\u72b6\u614b\u3092\u8003\u3048\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n
\u30b4\u30e0\u306f${\\small -f}$\u306e\u529b\u3067\u7e2e\u3082\u3046\u3068\u3057\u3066\u529b\u304c\u91e3\u308a\u5408\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
\u3053\u306e\u72b6\u614b\u3067\u3001${\\small x}$\u65b9\u5411\u306b\u3054\u304f\u5fae\u5c11\u91cf${\\small dx}$\u5f15\u3063\u5f35\u3063\u3066\u307f\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n
${\\small fdx}$\u306e\u4ed5\u4e8b\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5206\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc${\\small\uff25}$\u304c\u5897\u52a0\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
$${\\small fdx=dE}$$<\/p>\n
\u529bf\u306f\u91e3\u308a\u5408\u3063\u305f\u72b6\u614b\u306a\u306e\u3067\u3001\u5b9f\u65bd\u306f\u5f15\u3063\u5f35\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3067\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u304c\u3001${\\small f+df}$\u306e\u529b\u3067\u5f15\u3063\u5f35\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306e${\\small df}$\u3092\u30bc\u30ed\u306e\u6975\u9650\u3068\u3059\u308b\u30a4\u30e1\u30fc\u30b8\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7121\u9650\u306b\u6642\u9593\u304c\u304b\u304b\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u71b1\u529b\u5b66\u7528\u8a9e\u3067\u306f\u6e96\u9759\u7684\u306a\u5909\u5316\u3068\u547c\u3073\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u3092\u5bfe\u8c61\u7269\u3068\u74b0\u5883\u306e\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u306b\u5206\u89e3\u3059\u308b<\/h3>\n
\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u3092\u30b4\u30e0\u81ea\u8eab\u306e\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u3068\u5468\u56f2\u306e\u74b0\u5883\u306e\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u306b\u5206\u89e3\u3057\u3066\u307f\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e0e\u3048\u305f\u4ed5\u4e8b\u304c\u30b4\u30e0\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u5468\u56f2\u306e\u74b0\u5883\u306e\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u3092\u5909\u5316\u3055\u305b\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3082\u8003\u616e\u3057\u3066\u3001\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u4fdd\u5b58\u5247\u3092\u8003\u3048\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u5909\u5316 ${\\small dEv}$ \u3092\u3001\u30b4\u30e0\u306e\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u5909\u5316 ${\\small dEr}$ \u3068\u74b0\u5883\u306e\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u5909\u5316 ${\\small dEe}$ \u306b\u5206\u3051\u3066\u66f8\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
$${\\small fdx=dEr+dEe}$$<\/p>\n
\u74b0\u5883\u306e\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u5909\u5316\u3092\u4ed5\u4e8b\u3068\u71b1\u306b\u5206\u89e3\u3059\u308b<\/h3>\n
\u74b0\u5883\u306e\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u5909\u5316\u3092\u3082\u3063\u3068\u5206\u89e3\u3057\u3066\u307f\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
\u74b0\u5883\u306e\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u306b\u5909\u5316\u304c\u3042\u3063\u305f\u3068\u3059\u308c\u3070\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306f\u30b4\u30e0\u304b\u3089\u5468\u56f2\u306e\u74b0\u5883\u306b\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u304c\u79fb\u52d5\u3057\u305f\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u306e\u79fb\u52d5\u306f\u3001\u4ed5\u4e8b\u304b\u71b1\u306e\u3069\u3061\u3089\u304b\u306e\u5f62\u614b\u3067\u8d77\u3053\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
\u305d\u3053\u3067\u3001\u74b0\u5883\u306e\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u5909\u5316${\\small dEe}$\u3092\u3001\u4ed5\u4e8b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u79fb\u52d5\u3057\u305f\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc${\\small dEw}$\u3068\u3001\u71b1\u3068\u3057\u3066\u79fb\u52d5\u3057\u305f\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc${\\small dEq}$\u306b\u308f\u3051\u3066\u66f8\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
$${\\small fdx=dEr+dEw+dEq}$$<\/p>\n
\u3053\u308c\u3067\u3001\u5468\u56f2\u306e\u74b0\u5883\u3082\u8003\u616e\u3057\u305f\u529b\u306e\u5f0f\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5358\u306b\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u4fdd\u5b58\u5247\u3092\u8868\u3057\u305f\u3060\u3051\u306e\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
\u62e1\u5f35\u3057\u305f\u529b\u306e\u5f0f<\/h3>\n
\u3053\u308c\u3067\u3001\u529b${\\small f}$\u3092\u8868\u3059\u5f0f\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n
\u30b4\u30e0\u3092\u30a4\u30e1\u30fc\u30b8\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3001\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u4fdd\u5b58\u5247\u3060\u3051\u3092\u4f7f\u3063\u305f\u5f0f\u306a\u306e\u3067\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306b\u6210\u308a\u7acb\u3064\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
\u74b0\u5883\u306b\u5909\u5316\u304c\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u5f8c\u306e2\u3064\u306e\u9805\u306f\u6d88\u3048\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
\u305d\u3057\u3066\u7b2c\u4e00\u9805\u306e\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u304c\u30dd\u30c6\u30f3\u30b7\u30e3\u30eb\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u306a\u3089\u3001\u898b\u6163\u308c\u305f\u529b\u306e\u5f0f\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
\u307e\u305f\u3001\u3053\u306e\u5f0f\u306f\u7b2c\u4e00\u9805\u306b\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u5909\u5316\u304c\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3082\u3001\u4ed6\u306e\u9805\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u529b\u304c\u767a\u751f\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
\u306f\u3044\u3001\u30a8\u30f3\u30c8\u30ed\u30d4\u30fc\u7684\u306a\u529b\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
\u71b1\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u306a\u5c55\u958b<\/h2>\n
![\"\u30b4\u30e0\u98a8\u8239\"](\"https:\/\/tbits.jp\/plus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/balloons-1761634_640.jpg\")
<\/p>\n
\u529b\u306e\u5f0f\u306e\u53f3\u8fba\u7b2c1\u9805\u306f\u30b4\u30e0\u306e\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u5909\u5316\u3067\u3059\u304c\u3001\u5f8c\u306e2\u3064\u306e\u9805\u306f\u5468\u56f2\u306e\u74b0\u5883\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3088\u304f\u8a33\u306e\u308f\u304b\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3082\u306e\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
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\u305d\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306b\u306f\u3001\u5c11\u3057\u71b1\u529b\u5b66\u306b\u5165\u3063\u3066\u3044\u304b\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3051\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/p>\n
\u72b6\u614b\u306e\u81ea\u7531\u5ea6\u306f\uff12\u3064<\/h3>\n
\u30b4\u30e0\u306e\u5f35\u529b\u306f\u6e29\u5ea6\u306a\u3069\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3082\u5909\u308f\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
\u30b4\u30e0\u306e\u5f35\u529b ${\\small f}$ \u306f\u3001\u5909\u4f4d ${\\small x}$ \u3060\u3051\u306e\u95a2\u6570\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u6e29\u5ea6\u3001\u4f53\u7a4d\u3001\u5727\u529b\u306a\u3069\u30b4\u30e0\u306e\u72b6\u614b\u306e\u95a2\u6570\u3067\u3082\u3042\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
\u30b4\u30e0\u306e\u72b6\u614b\u3092\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u306f\u3001\u6e29\u5ea6\u3001\u4f53\u7a4d\u3001\u5727\u529b\u306a\u3069\u306e\u72b6\u614b\u91cf\u306e\u3046\u30612\u3064\u3092\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001\u6e29\u5ea6\u3068\u4f53\u7a4d\u3092\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3059\u308c\u3070\u3001\u72b6\u614b\u304c\u4e00\u610f\u306b\u6c7a\u307e\u308a\u5727\u529b\u3082\u81ea\u52d5\u7684\u306b\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3089\u3001\u30b4\u30e0\u306e\u5f35\u529b ${\\small f}$ \u306f\u3001\u72b6\u614b\u3092\u6c7a\u3081\u308b\u3075\u305f\u3064\u306e\u5909\u6570\u3068\u5909\u4f4d ${\\small x}$ \u306e\u5408\u308f\u305b\u30663\u5909\u6570\u306e\u95a2\u6570\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4eca\u306f\u30b4\u30e0\u306e\u5909\u4f4d ${\\small x}$ \u3068\u5f35\u529b ${\\small f}$ \u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u77e5\u308a\u305f\u3044\u306e\u3067\u3001\u6b8b\u308a2\u3064\u306e\u5909\u6570\u3092\u56fa\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u8003\u3048\u3066\u3044\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
\u3069\u306e\u5909\u6570\u3092\u56fa\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u304b\u6c7a\u3081\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3051\u307e\u305b\u3093\u304c\u3001\u5727\u529b\u3068\u6e29\u5ea6\u304c\u4e00\u5b9a\u3068\u3044\u3046\u306e\u304c\u901a\u5e38\u306a\u306e\u3067\u3001\u307e\u305a\u306f\u305d\u3053\u304b\u3089\u30b9\u30bf\u30fc\u30c8\u3057\u3066\u307f\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5727\u529b\u3001\u6e29\u5ea6\u4e00\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6\u3067\u4ed5\u4e8b\u3067\u79fb\u52d5\u3057\u305f\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc<\/h3>\n
\u307e\u305a\u306f\u30b4\u30e0\u304b\u3089\u74b0\u5883\u3078\u4ed5\u4e8b\u3067\u79fb\u52d5\u3057\u305f\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u5909\u5316 ${\\small dEw}$ \u3092\u8003\u3048\u3066\u307f\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e00\u5b9a\u306a\u306e\u306f\u5727\u529b\u3068\u6e29\u5ea6\u4e00\u5b9a\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3089\u3001$x$\u3092\u5909\u5316\u3055\u305b\u305f\u3068\u304d\u306b\u3001\u4f53\u7a4d\u306f\u5909\u5316\u3059\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
\u3082\u3057\u30b4\u30e0\u306e\u4f53\u7a4d\u304c\u5909\u5316\u3059\u308b\u3068\u5468\u56f2\u306e\u74b0\u5883\u3068\u4ed5\u4e8b\u306e\u3084\u308a\u3068\u308a\u3092\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
\u30b4\u30e0\u306e\u4f53\u7a4d\u304c\u5927\u304d\u304f\u306a\u308b\u306e\u306a\u3089\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5834\u6240\u306b\u3042\u3063\u305f\u7a7a\u6c17\u3092\u6c17\u5727\u306b\u9006\u3089\u3063\u3066\u62bc\u3057\u306e\u3051\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4ed5\u4e8b\u3092\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3089\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
\u305d\u308c\u304c ${\\small dEw}$ \u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5727\u529b ${\\small P}$ \u304c\u4e00\u5b9a\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3001 \u4f53\u7a4d\u5909\u5316\u3092 ${\\small dV}$ \u3068\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001<\/p>\n
$${\\small dEw=PdV}$$<\/p>\n
\u3068\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5727\u529b\u3001\u6e29\u5ea6\u4e00\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6\u3067\u71b1\u3067\u79fb\u52d5\u3057\u305f\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc<\/h3>\n
\u6b21\u306b\u71b1\u3068\u3057\u3066\u79fb\u52d5\u3057\u305f\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
\u30b4\u30e0\u3092\u5f15\u5f35\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u767a\u71b1\u3057\u305f\u3089\u3001\u6e29\u5ea6\u304c\u4e00\u5b9a\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3088\u3046\u5468\u56f2\u306b\u71b1\u3092\u653e\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
\u305d\u306e\u653e\u51fa\u3055\u308c\u305f\u71b1\u91cf\u3092\u30b4\u30e0\u306e\u72b6\u614b\u91cf\uff08\u72b6\u614b\u3092\u6c7a\u3081\u308c\u3070\u5024\u304c\u4e00\u610f\u306b\u6765\u307e\u308b\u5024\uff09\u3067\u8868\u3057\u305f\u3044\u306e\u3067\u3059\u304c\u3001\u4eca\u307e\u3067\u51fa\u3066\u304d\u305f\u91cf\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
\u72b6\u614b\u91cf\u306a\u3089\u6700\u521d\u306e\u72b6\u614b\u304b\u3089\u6700\u5f8c\u306e\u72b6\u614b\u306b\u5909\u308f\u3063\u305f\u6642\u306e\u5909\u4f4d\u91cf\u306f\u3001\u72b6\u614b\u3092\u5909\u3048\u308b\u7d4c\u8def\u306b\u306f\u4f9d\u5b58\u3057\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/p>\n
\u3067\u3082\u30b4\u30e0\u3092\u5f15\u5f35\u3063\u305f\u6642\u306e\u71b1\u91cf\u306f\u3001\u6e29\u5ea6\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5909\u5316\u3057\u307e\u3059\uff08\u30b4\u30e0\u306b\u9650\u3089\u305a\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306b\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e00\u5b9a\u306e\u6e29\u5ea6\u3067\u5f15\u5f35\u3063\u305f\u3068\u304d\u306e\u71b1\u91cf\u3068\u3001\u3044\u3063\u305f\u3093\u6e29\u5ea6\u3092\u5909\u3048\u3066\u304b\u3089\u5f15\u5f35\u308a\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5f8c\u306b\u5143\u306e\u6e29\u5ea6\u306b\u623b\u3057\u305f\u3068\u304d\u306e\u71b1\u91cf\u304c\u9055\u3046\u306e\u3067\u305d\u306e\u307e\u307e\u3067\u306f\u72b6\u614b\u91cf\u306b\u306f\u306a\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/p>\n
\u305d\u3053\u3067\u3001\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u72b6\u614b\u91cf\u3092\u5c0e\u5165\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
\u30a8\u30f3\u30c8\u30ed\u30d4\u30fc\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6e29\u5ea6\u4e00\u5b9a\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3001\u71b1\u3068\u3057\u3066\u79fb\u52d5\u3057\u305f\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc ${\\small dEq}$ \u306f\u3001\u6e29\u5ea6\u3092 ${\\small T}$ \u3001\u30b4\u30e0\u306e\u30a8\u30f3\u30c8\u30ed\u30d4\u30fc\u5909\u5316\u3092 ${\\small dS}$ \u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001<\/p>\n
$${\\small dEq=-TdS}$$<\/p>\n
\u3068\u8868\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
\u3053\u3053\u306f\u3001\u306a\u305c\u3068\u306f\u554f\u308f\u305a\u306b\u53d7\u3051\u5165\u308c\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n
\u300c\u6e96\u9759\u7684\u306b\u5909\u5316\u3055\u305b\u305f\u3068\u304d\u306e\u71b1\u91cf\u5909\u5316\u3092\u6e29\u5ea6\u3067\u9664\u3057\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3092\u30a8\u30f3\u30c8\u30ed\u30d4\u30fc\u5909\u5316\u3068\u547c\u3076\u300d<\/strong><\/p>\n \u3068\u3044\u3046\u30a8\u30f3\u30c8\u30ed\u30d4\u30fc\u306e\u5b9a\u7fa9\u305d\u306e\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3089<\/p>\n \u3053\u3053\u3067\u306f\u300c\u71b1\u91cf\u5909\u5316\u3092\u6e29\u5ea6\u3067\u5272\u3063\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3092\u30a8\u30f3\u30c8\u30ed\u30d4\u30fc\u3068\u3059\u308b\u300d\u3068\u6e29\u5ea6\u304b\u3089\u30a8\u30f3\u30c8\u30ed\u30d4\u30fc\u3092\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3001\u5b9f\u969b\u306f\u3061\u3087\u3063\u3068\u9055\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n \u71b1\u529b\u5b66\u8a95\u751f\u5f8c\u306f\u30a8\u30f3\u30c8\u30ed\u30d4\u30fc\u304b\u3089\u6e29\u5ea6\u3092\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3057\u3066\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3092\u71b1\u529b\u5b66\u6e29\u5ea6\u3068\u547c\u3076\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n \u71b1\u91cf\u5909\u5316\u306f\u6e29\u5ea6\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5909\u308f\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3001\u305d\u3053\u304b\u3089\u72b6\u614b\u91cf\u3092\u4f5c\u308b\u306b\u306f\u3001\u72b6\u614b\u91cf\u00d7\u6e29\u5ea6\u306e\u95a2\u6570\u306b\u5206\u3051\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n \u305d\u3046\u3084\u3063\u3066\u5206\u96e2\u3057\u305f\u72b6\u614b\u91cf\u304c\u30a8\u30f3\u30c8\u30ed\u30d4\u30fc\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n \u305d\u3057\u3066\u6e29\u5ea6\u306e\u95a2\u6570\u81ea\u4f53\u306e\u3053\u3068\u3092\u6e29\u5ea6\u3068\u547c\u3076\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3057\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n \u3053\u306e\u6e29\u5ea6\u306e\u95a2\u6570\u306f\u3001\u6c34\u9280\u6e29\u5ea6\u8a08\u3092\u4f7f\u3063\u305f\u3068\u304d\u306e\u6e29\u5ea6\u5909\u5316\u3092\u7d76\u5bfe\u96f6\u5ea6\u30920\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8868\u3057\u305f\u5024\u3068\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u4e00\u81f4\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n \u305d\u3053\u3067\u3001\u6c34\u9280\u306e\u4f53\u7a4d\u5909\u5316\u3092\u5143\u306b\u3057\u3066\u6c7a\u3081\u305f\u6e29\u5ea6\u304b\u3089\u3001\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306a\u71b1\u91cf\u5909\u5316\u304b\u3089\u6c7a\u3081\u305f\u6e29\u5ea6\u306b\u79fb\u884c\u3057\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n \u3053\u308c\u3067\u3001\u5727\u529b\u3001\u6e29\u5ea6\u4e00\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6\u3067\u306e\u529b\u306e\u5f0f\u3092\u71b1\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u306b\u8868\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n \u3053\u3053\u3067\u3001${\\small E_r}$ \u306f\u30b4\u30e0\u306e\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u3001${\\small V}$ \u306f\u30b4\u30e0\u306e\u4f53\u7a4d\u3001${\\small S}$ \u306f\u30b4\u30e0\u306e\u30a8\u30f3\u30c8\u30ed\u30d4\u30fc\u306a\u306e\u3067\u3001\u74b0\u5883\u306e\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u5909\u5316\u3092\u30b4\u30e0\u306e\u72b6\u614b\u91cf\u3060\u3051\u3067\u8868\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n \u4eca\u306f\u6e29\u5ea6\u3068\u5727\u529b\u304c\u4e00\u5b9a\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3092\u8003\u3048\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3001\u4ed6\u306e\u6761\u4ef6\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3082\u307f\u3066\u304a\u304d\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n \u5727\u529b\u4e00\u5b9a\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u4f53\u7a4d\u4e00\u5b9a\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5834\u5408\u3082\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n \u30b4\u30e0\u306e\u4f53\u7a4d\u304c\u5909\u5316\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3088\u3046\u5727\u529b\u304c\u5909\u5316\u3059\u308b\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u3042\u308a\u3048\u306a\u3044\u3067\u3059\u304c\uff09\u5834\u5408\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n \u3053\u306e\u5834\u5408\u306f\u4f53\u7a4d\u304c\u5909\u5316\u3057\u306a\u3044\u306e\u3067\u3001<\/p>\n $${\\small dEw=0}$$<\/p>\n \u3068\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n \u30b4\u30e0\u3068\u5468\u56f2\u3092\u65ad\u71b1\u3057\u3066\u3001\u30b4\u30e0\u306e\u6e29\u5ea6\u304c\u4e0a\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3082\u5468\u56f2\u306b\u71b1\u304c\u9003\u3052\u306a\u3044\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3057\u3066\u5909\u5316\u3055\u305b\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n \u3053\u306e\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001<\/p>\n $${\\small dEq=0}$$<\/p>\n \u3068\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n \u4ed6\u306e\u6761\u4ef6\u306f\u3007\u3007\u4e00\u5b9a\u3068\u8868\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u306e\u306b\u3001\u3053\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3060\u3051\u65ad\u71b1\u6761\u4ef6\u3068\u547c\u3076\u306e\u306f\u30d0\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u304c\u60aa\u3044\u6c17\u304c\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n \u65ad\u71b1\u6761\u4ef6\u306f\u71b1\u91cf\u304c\u79fb\u52d5\u3057\u306a\u3044\u6761\u4ef6\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n \u71b1\u91cf\u306e\u5909\u5316\u304c\u306a\u3044\u306e\u3067\u3001\u30a8\u30f3\u30c8\u30ed\u30d4\u30fc\u3082\u5909\u5316\u3057\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/p>\n \u4ed6\u306e\u6761\u4ef6\u3068\u8868\u73fe\u3092\u5408\u308f\u305b\u3066\u3053\u308c\u304b\u3089\u306f\u300c\u30a8\u30f3\u30c8\u30ed\u30d4\u30fc\u4e00\u5b9a\u300d\u3068\u547c\u3076\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n \u3053\u3053\u307e\u3067\u6765\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3089\u3001\u5c11\u3057\u71b1\u529b\u5b66\u306b\u5165\u3063\u3066\u307f\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n \u3082\u3046\u4e00\u5ea6\u5727\u529b\u3068\u6e29\u5ea6\u304c\u4e00\u5b9a\u306e\u5834\u5408\u306e\u5f0f\u306b\u623b\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n \u3053\u306e\u5f0f\u306f\u30b4\u30e0\u306b\u9650\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u306e\u3067\u3001\u30b4\u30e0\u306e\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc ${\\small Er}$ \u3092 ${\\small E}$ \u3068\u66f8\u304d\u63db\u3048\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n \u591a\u5909\u6570\u306e\u5f0f\u306a\u306e\u3067\u8aa4\u89e3\u306e\u306a\u3044\u3088\u3046\u306b\u504f\u5fae\u5206\u306e\u5f0f\u3067\u66f8\u304f\u3068<\/p>\n \u3068\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n ${\\small f}$ \u3092 ${\\small x,T,P}$ \u306e\u95a2\u6570\u3067\u8868\u3057\u3066 ${\\small x}$ \u3067\u504f\u5fae\u5206\u3059\u308c\u3070\u3001${\\small T,P}$ \u4e00\u5b9a\u306a\u3069\u3068\u6ce8\u91c8\u3092\u3064\u3051\u306a\u304f\u3066\u3082\u3088\u304f\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n \u3053\u3053\u3067\u3001${\\small G=E+PV-TS}$\u3067\u8868\u3055\u308c\u308b\u300c\u30ae\u30d6\u30b9\u306e\u81ea\u7531\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc ${\\small G}$\u300d<\/strong>\u3092\u4f7f\u3048\u3070\u3001<\/p>\n $$ {\\small f_{x,P,T}=\\left(\\frac{\\partial G}{\\partial x}\\right)_{T,P}}$$<\/p>\n \u3068\u7c21\u5358\u306b\u8868\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n \u4f53\u7a4d\u4e00\u5b9a\u306e\u5834\u5408$ {\\small dEw=0}$\u306a\u306e\u3067\u3001\u6e29\u5ea6\u3068\u4f53\u7a4d\u4e00\u5b9a\u306e\u5834\u5408\u306e\u529b\u306e\u5f0f\u306f\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n $${\\small\u00a0 f_{x,V,T}=\\left(\\frac{\\partial E}{\\partial x}\\right)_{V,T}-T\\left(\\frac{\\partial S}{\\partial x}\\right)_{V,T}} $$<\/p>\n \u3053\u3053\u3067${\\small F=E-TS}$\u3067\u8868\u3055\u308c\u308b\u300c\u30d8\u30eb\u30e0\u30db\u30eb\u30c4\u306e\u81ea\u7531\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc${\\small F}$\u300d<\/strong>\u3092\u4f7f\u3048\u3070\u3001<\/p>\n $${\\small\u00a0 f_{x,V,T}=\\left(\\frac{\\partial F}{\\partial x}\\right)_{V,T}}$$<\/p>\n \u3068\u8868\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n \u30a8\u30f3\u30c8\u30ed\u30d4\u30fc\u4e00\u5b9a\uff08\u65ad\u71b1\uff09\u3067\u306f\u3001${\\small dEq=0}$\u306a\u306e\u3067\u3001\u5727\u529b\u3001\u30a8\u30f3\u30c8\u30ed\u30d4\u30fc\u4e00\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6\u306e\u5834\u5408\u306e\u529b\u306e\u5f0f\u306f\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n $$ {\\small f=\\left(\\frac{\\partial E}{\\partial x}\\right)_{S,P}+P\\left(\\frac{\\partial V}{\\partial x}\\right)_{S,P}}$$<\/p>\n ${\\small H=E+PV}$\u3067\u8868\u3055\u308c\u308b\u300c\u30a8\u30f3\u30bf\u30eb\u30d4\u30fc${\\small H}$\u300d<\/strong>\u3092\u4f7f\u3048\u3070\u3001<\/p>\n $$ {\\small f=\\left(\\frac{\\partial H}{\\partial x}\\right)_{S,P}}$$<\/p>\n \u3068\u8868\u305b\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n \u4f53\u7a4d\u3068\u30a8\u30f3\u30c8\u30ed\u30d4\u30fc\u3092\u4e00\u5b9a\u306b\u3059\u308c\u3070\u3001$ {\\small dEw=0}$\u3001${\\small dEq=0}$\u306a\u306e\u3067\u3001<\/p>\n $$ {\\small f=\\left(\\frac{\\partial E}{\\partial x}\\right)_{S,V}}$$<\/p>\n \u3068\u8868\u305b\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n \u3053\u3053\u307e\u3067\u51fa\u3066\u304d\u305f\u529b\u306e\u5f0f\u3092\u307e\u3068\u3081\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n $$ {\\small f_{x,P,T}=\\left(\\frac{\\partial G}{\\partial x}\\right)_{T,P}}$$<\/p>\n $${\\small\u00a0 f_{x,V,T}=\\left(\\frac{\\partial F}{\\partial x}\\right)_{V,T}}$$<\/p>\n $$ {\\small f_{x,S,P}=\\left(\\frac{\\partial H}{\\partial x}\\right)_{S,P}}$$<\/p>\n $$ {\\small f_{x,S,V}=\\left(\\frac{\\partial E}{\\partial x}\\right)_{S,V}}$$<\/p>\n \u3069\u308c\u304c\u672c\u5f53\u306e\u529b\u306e\u5f0f\u306a\u306e\u304b\uff1f\u3000\u306a\u3093\u3066\u8003\u3048\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/p>\n \u5168\u90e8\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n \u5b9f\u969b\u306b\u5f15\u5f35\u308b\u3068\u304d\u306e\u4ed5\u4e8b\u91cf\u306a\u3069\u3001\u5f35\u308b\u6761\u4ef6\u306b\u5fdc\u3058\u305f\u5f0f\u3092\u9078\u3093\u3067\u7a4d\u5206\u3057\u3066\u3044\u3051\u3070\u3044\u3044\u3060\u3051\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n \u5358\u306b\u3001\u3042\u308b\u6e29\u5ea6\u3001\u4f53\u7a4d\u3001\u5727\u529b\u3067\u3001\u5909\u4f4d\u304c ${\\small x}$ \u306e\u3068\u304d\u306e\u529b ${\\small f}$ \u3060\u3051\u306a\u3089\u3001\u3069\u308c\u3092\u4f7f\u3063\u3066\u3082\u540c\u3058\u5024\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n \u3053\u3053\u307e\u3067\u30014\u3064\u306e\u529b\u306e\u5f0f\u3092\u793a\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3001\u3053\u308c\u3089\u3092\u5909\u5f62\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u5f0f\u3092\u4f5c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n \u305d\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u3088\u304f\u4f7f\u308f\u308c\u308b\u5f0f\u3092\u7d39\u4ecb\u3057\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n \u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u306a\u6271\u3044\u306b\u3088\u304f\u4f7f\u308f\u308c\u308b\u5f0f\u3068\u5b9f\u7528\u7684\u306b\u3088\u304f\u4f7f\u308f\u308c\u308b\u5f0f\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n \u30b4\u30e0\u5f3e\u6027\u306e\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u306a\u6271\u3044\u3067\u4f7f\u308f\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u591a\u3044\u5f0f\u306f\u3053\u308c\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n $$ {\\small f=\\left(\\frac{\\partial F}{\\partial x}\\right)_{T,V}} $$<\/p>\n \u30b4\u30e0\u306f\u3001\u5f15\u5f35\u3063\u3066\u3082\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u4f53\u7a4d\u5909\u5316\u3057\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/p>\n \u3067\u3059\u304b\u3089\u5727\u529b\u4e00\u5b9a\u3067\u3082\u4f53\u7a4d\u4e00\u5b9a\u306b\u306a\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3001\u30ae\u30d6\u30b9\u306e\u81ea\u7531\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u3068\u30d8\u30eb\u30e0\u30db\u30eb\u30c4\u306e\u81ea\u7531\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u306f\u3001\u307b\u307c\u4e00\u81f4\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n \u3069\u3061\u3089\u3067\u3082\u540c\u3058\u306a\u3089\u3001\u6700\u521d\u304b\u3089\u4f53\u7a4d\u5909\u5316\u306e\u9805\u304c\u306a\u304f\u3001\u7d71\u8a08\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u306b\u3082\u6271\u3044\u3084\u3059\u3044\u30d8\u30eb\u30e0\u30db\u30eb\u30c4\u306e\u81ea\u7531\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u3092\u4f7f\u3046\u306e\u304c\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u306a\u6271\u3044\u306b\u9069\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n \u3053\u306e\u5f0f\u3092\u3001\u3082\u3046\u4e00\u5ea6\u5206\u89e3\u3057\u3066\u66f8\u3044\u3066\u307f\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n $$ {\\small f=\\left(\\frac{\\partial E}{\\partial x}\\right)_{T,V}-T\\left(\\frac{\\partial S}{\\partial x}\\right)_{T,V}} $$<\/p>\n \u3053\u306e\u5f0f\u3067\u3001<\/p>\n <\/strong><\/p>\n \u3068\u547c\u3076\u3001\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8aac\u660e\u304c\u308f\u304b\u308a\u3084\u3059\u3044\u306e\u3067\u3088\u304f\u4f7f\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n \u4e0e\u3048\u305f\u4ed5\u4e8b\u306e\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u304c\u3001\u71b1\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5468\u56f2\u306e\u74b0\u5883\u306b\u79fb\u52d5\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\u304c\u30a8\u30f3\u30c8\u30ed\u30d4\u30fc\u7684\u306a\u529b\u3060\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n \u305f\u3060\u3001\u65ad\u71b1\u5909\u5316\u3067\u306f\u3001\u30a8\u30f3\u30c8\u30ed\u30d4\u30fc\u306e\u9805\u81ea\u4f53\u304c\u306a\u3044\u306e\u3067\u3001\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3059\u308b\u3068\u304d\u306b\u306f\u300c\u7b49\u6e29\u904e\u7a0b\u3067\u300d<\/strong>\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8a00\u8449\u3092\u3064\u3051\u3066\u304a\u3044\u305f\u65b9\u304c\u89aa\u5207\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n \u5b9f\u7528\u6027\u3092\u8003\u3048\u308b\u3068\u5b9f\u9a13\u3067\u5f97\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u6570\u5024\u3060\u3051\u3067 $f$ \u3092\u8868\u3059\u306e\u304c\u4fbf\u5229\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n \u305d\u3053\u3067\u3001<\/p>\n $$ {\\small f_{x,P,T}=\\left(\\frac{\\partial G}{\\partial x}\\right)_{T,P}}$$<\/p>\n \u304b\u3089\u3001\u30b4\u30e0\u306e\u4f53\u7a4d\u5909\u5316\u304c\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3092\u5229\u7528\u3057\u3066\u3001<\/p>\n $${\\small f=\\left(\\frac{\\partial E}{\\partial x}\\right)_{T,P}-T\\left(\\frac{\\partial S}{\\partial x}\\right)_{T,P}} $$<\/p>\n \u3068\u66f8\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n \u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u306b\u3088\u304f\u4f7f\u308f\u308c\u308b\u5f0f\u3068\u540c\u3058\u5f62\u3092\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u4f7f\u3046\u5909\u6570\u304c\u6e29\u5ea6\u3068\u5727\u529b\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n \u6e29\u5ea6\u3068\u4f53\u7a4d\u3092\u4f7f\u3063\u305f\u65b9\u304c\u6b63\u78ba\u3067\u3059\u3057\u3001\u30b4\u30e0\u3068\u9055\u3063\u3066\u4f53\u7a4d\u304c\u5909\u308f\u308b\u3082\u306e\u306b\u3082\u9069\u7528\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n \u3067\u3082\u3001\u5b9f\u969b\u306b\u306f\u5727\u529b\u4e00\u5b9a\u3067\u5b9f\u9a13\u3059\u308b\u306e\u3067\u305d\u308c\u306b\u5408\u308f\u305b\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n \u3053\u3053\u3067\u3001${\\small G}$\u306f\u72b6\u614b\u91cf\u306a\u306e\u3067\u504f\u5fae\u5206\u306e\u9806\u756a\u3092\u5909\u3048\u3066\u3082\u7d50\u679c\u306f\u540c\u3058\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u5229\u7528\u3057\u3066 ${\\small G(x,P,T)}$ \u3092${\\small x}$\u3068${\\small T}$\u3067\u504f\u5fae\u5206\u3059\u308b\u3068<\/p>\n $${\\small \\frac{\\partial}{\\partial x}\\left(\\frac{\\partial G}{\\partial T}\\right)=\\frac{\\partial}{\\partial T}\\left(\\frac{\\partial G}{\\partial x}\\right)}$$<\/p>\n \u3053\u3053\u304b\u3089\u3001\u6b21\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u5f0f\u304c\u5c0e\u304b\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n $${\\small -\\frac{\\partial S}{\\partial x}=\\frac{\\partial f}{\\partial T}}$$<\/p>\n \u3053\u308c\u3092\u529b\u306e\u5f0f\u306b\u4ee3\u5165\u3059\u308c\u3070\u3001<\/p>\n $${\\small f=\\left(\\frac{\\partial E}{\\partial x}\\right)_{T,P}+ T\\left(\\frac{\\partial f}{\\partial T}\\right)_{x,P}}$$<\/p>\n \u3053\u308c\u304c\u3001\u5b9f\u7528\u7684\u306b\u3088\u304f\u4f7f\u308f\u308c\u308b\u529b\u306e\u5f0f\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n \u7b2c\u4e00\u9805\u306f\u3001\u6e29\u5ea6\u3001\u5727\u529b\u4e00\u5b9a\u3067\u30b4\u30e0\u3092\u5f15\u5f35\u3063\u305f\u6642\u306e\u4ed5\u4e8b\u91cf\u3068\u767a\u751f\u3057\u305f\u71b1\u91cf\u3092\u6e2c\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u5f97\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n \u7b2c\u4e8c\u9805\u306f\u6e29\u5ea6\u3092\u5909\u3048\u3066\u30b4\u30e0\u306e\u5f35\u529b\u3092\u6e2c\u5b9a\u3059\u308c\u3070\u5f97\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n \u3053\u308c\u3067\u5b9f\u9a13\u5024\u304b\u3089\u6c42\u3081\u3089\u308c\u308b\u91cf\u3067\u3001\u30b4\u30e0\u306e\u5f35\u529b\u306e\u5f0f\u3092\u8868\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n \u30b4\u30e0\u306e\u5834\u5408\uff08\u306b\u9650\u3089\u305a\u30a8\u30f3\u30c8\u30ed\u30d4\u30fc\u7684\u306a\u529b\u3067\u306f\uff09\u3001<\/p>\n $${\\small \\left(\\frac{\\partial E}{\\partial x}\\right)_{T,P}\\fallingdotseq0}$$<\/p>\n \u306a\u306e\u3067\u3001<\/p>\n $${\\small f_{x,P,T} \\fallingdotseq T \\left(\\frac{\\partial f}{\\partial T}\\right)_{x,P}}$$<\/p>\n \u3068\u3044\u3046\u9762\u767d\u3044\u5f0f\u304c\u3067\u304d\u3042\u304c\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n $${\\small \\frac{\\partial f}{\\partial T}=const}$$<\/p>\n \u3068\u5f35\u529b\u304c\u6e29\u5ea6\u306b\u6bd4\u4f8b\u3059\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n \u5b9f\u969b\u306e\u30b4\u30e0\u3067\u3082\u3001\u5f35\u529b\u306f\u307b\u307c\u6e29\u5ea6\u306b\u6bd4\u4f8b\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u5b9f\u9a13\u3067\u78ba\u304b\u3081\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n \u203b\u30b4\u30e0\u3082\u308f\u305a\u304b\u3067\u3059\u304c\u3001\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u306e\u9805\u3082\u6301\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u5f0f\u304b\u3089\u3001\u6e29\u5ea6\u3092\u5909\u3048\u305f\u6642\u306e\u5f35\u529b\u5909\u5316\u306e\u5b9f\u9a13\u5024\u3092\u4f7f\u3063\u3066\u3001\u30b4\u30e0\u5f3e\u6027\u306e\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u9805\u3068\u30a8\u30f3\u30c8\u30ed\u30d4\u30fc\u9805\u3092\u5206\u96e2\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n\n \u30a8\u30f3\u30c8\u30ed\u30d4\u30fc\u7684\u306a\u529b\u306f\u300c\u7b49\u6e29\u6761\u4ef6\u3067\u30a8\u30f3\u30c8\u30ed\u30d4\u30fc\u9805\u304c\u652f\u914d\u7684\u306a\u529b\u300d<\/strong>\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3092\u524d\u8ff0\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n \u65ad\u71b1\u6761\u4ef6\uff08\u5b9a\u30a8\u30f3\u30c8\u30ed\u30d4\u30fc\uff09\u306e\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001\u30a8\u30f3\u30c8\u30ed\u30d4\u30fc\u9805\u306f\u306a\u304f\u30a8\u30f3\u30c8\u30ed\u30d4\u30fc\u7684\u306a\u529b\u3067\u3082\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u9805\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u529b\u304c\u767a\u751f\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n \u7b49\u6e29\u6761\u4ef6\u3068\u304b\u65ad\u71b1\u6761\u4ef6\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6761\u4ef6\u306b\u3088\u3089\u305a\u306b\u30a8\u30f3\u30c8\u30ed\u30d4\u30fc\u7684\u306a\u529b\u3092\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3001\u8003\u3048\u3066\u307f\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n \u7b49\u6e29\u6761\u4ef6\u3067\u3082\u65ad\u71b1\u6761\u4ef6\u3067\u3082\u3001\u30a8\u30f3\u30c8\u30ed\u30d4\u30fc\u7684\u306a\u529b\u3067\u5171\u901a\u3059\u308b\u90e8\u5206\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n \u305d\u308c\u306f\u4e0e\u3048\u305f\u4ed5\u4e8b\u3001\u3064\u307e\u308a\u300c\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u304c\u71b1\u306b\u5909\u308f\u308b\u300d<\/strong>\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n \u305d\u306e\u71b1\u304c\u5468\u56f2\u306b\u9003\u3052\u308c\u3070\u3001\u30a8\u30f3\u30c8\u30ed\u30d4\u30fc\u9805\u306b\u3088\u308b\u529b\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3057\u3001\u5468\u56f2\u304b\u3089\u65ad\u71b1\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308c\u3070\u6e29\u5ea6\u304c\u4e0a\u304c\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n \u3067\u3082\u300c\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u304c\u71b1\u306b\u5909\u308f\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u767a\u751f\u3059\u308b\u529b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3068\u6469\u64e6\u529b\u306a\u3069\u3082\u542b\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3046\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n \u5f0f\u306e\u5c0e\u304d\u65b9\u3067\u308f\u304b\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u30a8\u30f3\u30c8\u30ed\u30d4\u30fc\u7684\u306a\u529b\u3082\u4fdd\u5b58\u529b<\/strong>\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n \u529b\u5b66\u7684\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u304c\u71b1\u306b\u5909\u308f\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3068\u6563\u9038\u529b\u3060\u3068\u601d\u3044\u304c\u3061\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n \u3067\u3082\u3001\u30a8\u30f3\u30c8\u30ed\u30d4\u30fc\u7684\u306a\u529b\u306f\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u304c\u71b1\u306b\u5909\u308f\u3063\u3066\u3082\u3001\u53cd\u5bfe\u306e\u64cd\u4f5c\u3092\u3059\u308c\u3070\u71b1\u3092\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u306b\u623b\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n 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